Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Risk Factors among Professional Gardeners

Abstract

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a significant occupational health issue, particularly among professional gardeners due to the physically demanding nature of their tasks. Prolonged awkward postures, repetitive activities, and heavy manual labor contribute to the high prevalence of these disorders.

Objective: To systematically review the prevalence, associated risk factors, and preventive strategies for WMSDs among professional gardeners.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published up to May 2022. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies focusing on professional gardeners and reporting prevalence or risk factors of WMSDs. Data extraction included study design, population characteristics, outcomes, and risk assessments. Quality appraisal was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and JBI tools.

Results: Fifteen descriptive studies met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, the most affected body regions were the lower back, knees, shoulders, and neck. Common risk factors included repetitive bending and twisting, heavy lifting, prolonged kneeling, and use of non-ergonomic tools. Prevalence rates for WMSDs were consistently high, with lower back pain being the most common complaint. Ergonomic interventions, training programs, and improved tool design showed potential in reducing injury risk.

Conclusion: Professional gardeners face a high burden of WMSDs, primarily due to physically strenuous tasks and poor ergonomic practices. Targeted preventive measures, including ergonomic modifications, worker training, and health monitoring, are essential to reduce the incidence of these disorders.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Professional Gardeners, Ergonomic Risk Factors, Occupational Health, Work-Related Injuries