Leveraging Mobile Health Technologies for Improved Hypertension Control and Patient Adherence

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite effective pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, suboptimal adherence to treatment and limited patient engagement remain significant barriers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these gaps by supporting adherence, enabling self-monitoring, and fostering behavior change.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of mHealth technologies in hypertension management, focusing on their impact on treatment adherence, patient engagement, and self-care behaviors.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, combining a cross-sectional online survey (n = 150) and semi-structured interviews (n = 30). Participants were adults aged 30–70 years with primary hypertension who had used at least one mHealth application for a minimum of three months. Quantitative measures were guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Health Belief Model (HBM), while qualitative interviews captured lived experiences and contextual factors. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression; qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: mHealth usage was widespread, with 91% of participants using apps for blood pressure tracking, medication reminders, or lifestyle monitoring. High-frequency app users demonstrated significantly better adherence scores (p < .01) and more consistent blood pressure self-monitoring (p < .001). Qualitative findings highlighted empowerment through self-monitoring, integration into daily routines, and motivation via feedback and gamification. However, barriers such as technical difficulties, lack of personalization, privacy concerns, and digital inequities—particularly among older adults—limited sustained use.

Conclusion: mHealth technologies offer significant potential in improving adherence and self-management in hypertension care. Their effectiveness depends on user-centered design, cultural relevance, personalization, and equitable digital access. Future strategies should integrate behavioral frameworks, enhance digital literacy, and ensure inclusivity to maximize clinical impact.